定语从句易犯小错误

由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：

一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如：

1．误：Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．

正：Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．

译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。

析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。

2．误：The book that you need it is in the library．

正：The book that you need is in the library．

译：你需要的书在图书馆里。

析：应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。

二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如：

1．误：Anyone who break the law will be punished．

正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．

译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。

析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。

2．误：Those who has finished may go home．

正：Those who have finished may go home．

译：做完了的人现在可以回家。

析：应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。

3．误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．

正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．

译：他是我们学校中唯一懂的人。

析：应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。

4．误：This is one of the rooms that is free now．

正：This is one of the rooms that are free now．

译：这是目前空着的房间之一。

析：应改is为are，因为one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms，而不是单数one。

三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如：

1．误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．

正：Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．

译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。

析：应加上关系代词who或that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。

2．误：The key opens the bike is missing．

正：The key that／which opens the bike is missing．

译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。

析：应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。

四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如：

1．误：The house where he lives in needs repairing．

正：The house where he lives needs repairing．

或：The house he lives in needs repairing．

译：他住的房子需要修理。

析：应保留where，删去从句中的in，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where，因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。

2．误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．

正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．

或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing．

译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。

定语从句易犯小错误