——Early morpheme studies support Chomsky’s “Universal principles” “Innate abiliry” and Krashen’s natural order. ——There are constraints on the effect that instruction has on the accuracy order of acquisition. Ⅲ. Acquisition Processes ——Comparative morpheme and syntax studies in obligatory contexts. ——Mixed results ( instruction is not influential- influential- mixed results). Ⅳ. Rate of acquisition ——Two arguments: ——Instruction has no effect on the acquisition of linguistic rules. Some studies claim that L 2 acquisition involves certain natural oredr that can not be bypassed. ——Instruction can have an immediate or a delayed effect on acquiring L2 rules if instruction confirms to conditions: " Instruction should not include any psychological complex operations. " Instruction should perform a single and clear function. Ⅴ. Instruction and learning strategies ——How to address learning strategies ——Interlanguage Ⅵ. Conclusion and recommendations Recommended references Doughty, C. (1991). Second language instruction does make a difference: Evidence from an empirical study of SL relativization. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 13. (14) , 431- 469. Long, M. H. (1983). Does second language instruction make a difference? A review of the research. TESOL Quarterly. 17. 359- 82. Pienemann, M. (1984). Psychological constraints on the teachability of language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 6. 186- 214. O’Malley, M. J. , & Chamot (1990). Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge University Press. Krashen, S. , Jones, C., Zelinksi, C. and Usprich (1978). How important is instruction? ELT Journal, 32. 257-261. |
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