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怎样回答四级阅读理解中的词汇问题

2010-5-31 14:32| 发布者: 伽奇·胡| 查看: 46| 评论: 0

关于词汇问题(Vocabu1ary)

词汇(Vocabulary)是四级阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问,所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目,词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。解答这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量。可是,单词记忆似乎已成为学生普遍反映最头痛的难题。阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种:

(1)According to the author ,the word s the meaning of eggs

我们从上下文中可以得出以下信息:canoes是一种渔夫用树木做的、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西。尽管我们可能还不能肯定它的确切解释,但这一生词已经不会影响我们的阅读和理解了。

Example :

Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people .

Jogging的意思通过a good exercise for old people 可以推断出是一种适合老年人的剧烈的运动方式。

2. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义

Example :

If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something

在文章中可以很容易地判断出witnesss的同义关系词是seen,因此witness就是看见的意思。

Example :

In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .

显然,冬天和夏天的气候是截然相反的,它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。cold与hot对应,humid与dry对应。因此,humid是潮湿意思。

3. 利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义

Example:

Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells.

Conchologists的意思可以根据该词后面的同位解释people who collect shells理解为收集贝壳的人或贝壳收藏家。

Example :

Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.

florist 的意思就是其后定语从句who keeps a shop for selling flowers 所描述的拥有一家专门卖花的商店的人,即花店主

4. 利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义

Example :

Today young couples who are just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.

通过所举的例子(washing machines ,refrigerators and color TVs)

可以看出,appliances 应是这些名词的总称,即家用电器。

Example :

Finally the enemy surrendered .They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads

通过后一句对surrendered的解释:扔掉武器(throw down their weapons ),举起双手(with their hands over heads )可知其意是投降

5. 利用构词法知识(前缀和后缀)猜测词义

Example :

They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions

estimate是估计的意思,over-是前缀,意为过分,过度,超过等,因此overestimate就是高估的意思。

Example :

We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel .That was why we had to pay so much for it .

spacious是由space(名词,空间)++-ious(形容词后缀变化而来的,因此,可猜测其词义为宽敞。

各种各样的前、后缀可以构成名词、形容词、动词、副词等,这些词缀需要平时不断地积累和记忆。掌握构词法知识是扩大词汇量和猜测生词词义的最佳办法。

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