第二阶段复习方略(二)

二．正确选择项有何特点

文章理解了，要从每一个问题的四个选择中选出正确答案并不容易，因为正确选择项不仅混在三个很相似，且相关的干扰项中，而且其表现形式多种多样，它不可能是原文中相同的词、相同的结构，甚至是相同的语义关系，其语言表达形式相差很大。因此，了解和掌握正确选择项的特点，以及它与文章相关句的语义关系，对于我们快速、有效地确定正确答案是大有裨益的。一般来说，正确选择项与原文中的主要有以下几种相关性：

1） 正确选择项是原文中相关的同义关系

如1999年6月CET-4中的第1篇文章:

〖例1〗

The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with

a gun， but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last

15 years， pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been

caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains

unconfirmed， but increasingly， experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic

devices such as portable computers， radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.

RTCA， an organization which advises the aviation industry， has recommended that

all airlines ban such devices from being used during ‘critical’ stages of flight，

particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further， calling for

a total ban during all flights. Currently， rules on using these devices are

left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers

from using such equipment during take-off and landing， most are reluctant to

enforce a total ban， given that many passengers want to work during flights.

The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s

computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those

wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But， because

they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory， they have

no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.

The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raises the risk that

terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As

worrying， though， is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off

his radio because the music’s too loud.

22. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?

A. They may have taken place during take-off and landing.

B. They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.

C. They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.

D. They were proved to have been caused by the passengers’ portable computers.

24. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields

on an airplane’s computers?

A. Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.

B. Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.

C. Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered

with.

D. Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects

in labs.

文章中的第22题，正确选择项中的have resulted from与原文中的have been caused为同义短语。又如24题正确选择项中的produce与原文because

they have not been able to

Reproduce these effects in a laboratory句中的 reproduce为同义关系。

2） 正确选择项是原文中相关的反义关系

如1995年6月CET-4中的第4篇描述的事或人来概括推理的；问题中往往用一个词高度概括了的观点，如1990年1月第4篇

〖例6〗

36. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is

______.

A. critical C. approving

B. questioning D. objective

正确选择项 正确选择项是对原言语中相关的推理

正确选择项往往要求读者通过的表层意思去理解隐含在其中的深层意思。如1993年6月CET-4 第1篇 （文章参见概括性推理实例剖析Passage

2）

〖例7〗

22. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient

B. in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point

of view

C. in most hospitals nurses get low salaries

D. compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel

Hospital

正确选择项（B）是对文章第1段最后一句句意的推理：“如果我们确要解决护理工作不足（不充分）的问题，那么各地医院的行政部门和医生最好还是效法一下Beth

Israel医院的榜样”，据此可以推断：护理不充分是一个普遍存在问题。