练习14

Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed __1__ over the centuries.During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially， increased attention has been devoted to __2__ the reading process.__3__ specialists agree that reading __4__ a complex organization of higher mental __5__ ， they disagree __6__ the exact nature of the process.Some experts， who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds， __7__ reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand __8__ .

These authorities __9__ that meaning， being concerned with thinking， must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is __10__ related to thinking， and that a child who pronounces sounds without __11__ their meaning is not truly reading.The reader， __12__ some， is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who __13__ reads.

Many adults， although they have the ability to read， have never read a book in its __14__ .By some expert they would not be __15__ as readers.Clearly， the philosophy， objectives， methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most __16__ and satisfactory definition， reading is the ability to __17__ the sound-symbols code of the language， to interpret meaning for various __18__ ， at various rates， and at various levels of difficulty， and to do __19__ widely and enthusiastically.__20__ reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

1.A.substantively B.substantiallyC.substitutively D.subjectively

2.A.define and describe B.definition and descriptionC.defining and describing D.have defined and described

3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

7.A.view B.lookC.reassure D.agree

8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressiblyC.inextricably D.inexpediently

11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

13.A.sometimes B.mightC.practical D.actually

14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand