大学英语四级考试对固定结构的考查

如：

① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his

arguments in favor of the new theory。(2000。6)

a。 to be based on b。 to base on

c。 which to base on d。 on which to base

② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic， but it

also puts them under a constant emotional strain。

a。 to compete b。 competing

c。 to be competed d。 having competed

①题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为d，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为a。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means， way， time， moment， reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。

4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择

做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：

① ______ the earth to be flat， many feared that columbus would fall off the edge of the earth。(1996。6)

a。 having believed b。 believing c。 believed d。 being believed

② _______ a teacher in a university， it is necessary to have at least a master‘s degree。(1995。1)

a。 to become b。 become c。 one becomes d。 on becoming

③ realizing that he hadn‘t enough money and ____ to borrow from his father， he decided to sell his watch。(1995。1)

a。 not wanted b。 no to want c。 not wanting d。 wanting not

④ ___ it or not， his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles。(1997。1)

a。 believe b。 to believe c。 believing d。 believed

从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：

(1)状语类别的判断

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。

(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系

根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3)非谓语动词的否定形式

not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。

(4) 独立成分

有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如：

generally speaking， judging from……， to tell the truth……， 等。

(5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择